Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Methods:
Breast cancer is a type of cancer caused by abnormal proliferation of cells in the breast tissue, leading to tumour formation. Breast cancer, one of the most common types of cancer in women, can be successfully treated, especially when diagnosed early.
What Causes Breast Cancer?
Although no clear cause of breast cancer is known, some factors may increase the risk. Genetic predisposition, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, hormone levels, lifestyle choices such as obesity, alcohol and smoking, sedentary lifestyle are among the main factors that increase this risk.
What are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?
Symptoms of breast cancer include a hard lump felt in the breast, nipple discharge, pitting or crusting of the breast skin, swelling in the armpit and changes in breast shape. It is important to consult a specialist in case of these symptoms.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Various methods are used to diagnose breast cancer. Masses and abnormalities in the breast tissue are examined with imaging techniques such as physical examination, mammography, ultrasound and MRI. A biopsy is performed for definitive diagnosis. Hormone receptor tests and genetic tests guide the type of cancer and treatment plan.
Breast Cancer Treatment Methods
Treatment of breast cancer is planned according to the type and stage of the cancer and the general health of the patient. Treatment options are as follows:
- Surgical Treatment: Lumpectomy (removal of the tumour) or mastectomy (removal of the breast).
- Radiotherapy High-energy radiation is used to destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy Drug therapy directed against cancer cells.
- Hormone Therapy: In hormone receptor positive cancers, drugs that reduce hormone levels are used.
- Targeted Treatment: In HER2 positive cancer types, drugs are used for cells with specific genetic characteristics.
- Immunotherapies: Treatment method that strengthens the immune system and is used in certain types of cancer.
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